引用
台灣原住民優惠政策的支持與抗拒：比較原漢立場
Supporting and Resisting Taiwan's Welfare Policy for Indigenous Peoples: Austronesian and Perspectives Compared
作者：傅仰止（Yang-Chih FU） | 首次發表於 2020-07-14 | 第 25 期 June 2001
DOI：https://dx.doi.org/10.6786/TJS.200106.0055
研究論文（Research Articles）
DOI：https://dx.doi.org/10.6786/TJS.200106.0055
研究論文（Research Articles）
論文資訊 | Article information
摘要 Abstract
本研究探討原住民優惠政策的支持與抗拒立場，如何在漢人族群與原住民族群當中反映出不同層面的社會心理背景。文中依據1999年的「台灣族群關係的社會基礎調查」與2000年的「社會意向電話調查原住民專題調查」兩筆資料，分析比較漢人樣本(n=3349)與原住民樣本(n=807)各自的特色及差異。研究發現原漢族群在政策立場的背景上有明顯差異：教育程度高的漢人，明顯支持原住民優惠政策，但是收入高的原住民，則不如其他原住民那麼強烈支持這種政策；社會公平感在漢人族群當中有助於支持優惠政策，在原住民族群裡則變成抗拒的來源。最明顯的區別，是跟原住民的接觸經驗或型態，對漢人和原住民產生互異的效果，而在鄉村原住民和都市原住民之間的效應，也不盡相同。在東部多族群環境下的漢人，明顯抗拒原住民優惠政策；這種抗拒難以歸咎於其他相關的主客觀條件，而是由「東部」這項背景單獨發揮強烈的效應。跟其他原住民較常接觸的原住民，則顯然比較支持優惠政策。但是有利於都市原住民支持立場的接觸型態，不是極端的族群聚合，而是中等適度的叢結型態。原漢之間最爲一致的趨勢，則是對原住民社經困境所作的歸因解釋，在政策立場的取向上有強烈而明顯的區辨力。研究發現不但在原漢之間的族群接觸與族群位階論述上富重要意涵，對原住民優惠政策與輔導措施之制訂及檢討亦有所啟發。
關鍵字：台灣原住民、原住民政策、弱勢族群優惠政策、原漢關係
關鍵字：台灣原住民、原住民政策、弱勢族群優惠政策、原漢關係
This study examines how Taiwan's Han and Australasian peoples vary in supporting and resisting the government's efforts in taking extra care of indigenous peoples, and how such variances reflect the social psychological backgrounds of the making of the aboriginal welfare policy. The data include a national Han sample (n=3349), taken from a face-to-face survey on Taiwan’s ethnic relationships in 1999, and a national Aboriginal sample (n=807) from a telephone survey with the indigenous peoples in 2000. The ordered probit analyses reveal that Han respondents differ significantly from the aborigines in how they support the aboriginal welfare policy. The well-educated Han support the policy, but wealthier aborigines show notable reservations. While a perception of social justice helps the Han to favor the policy, it becomes a factor for policy resistance among the indigenous peoples. A sharp contrast is seen with people who have greater contact with aboriginals. In eastern Taiwan. where more than one-fifth of the population are indigenous peoples, the Han people strongly oppose the aboriginal welfare policy. This negative regional effect remains highly significant even after taking the respondent's demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and general ideology into account. It is also independent of how much contact the respondents have had with the aborigines, how the respondents perceive the image and the status of this target group, and how they attribute the aborigines' plight. In comparison, the aboriginal respondents who live ins state of ethnic enclosure tend to support the policy more strongly than those who live in a predominantly Han area, For those who move to cities, however, the most favorable contact pattern for policy support is not ethnic enclosure, but a moderate contact with other aborigines in the neighborhood as well as in daily life. Finally, it is evident that consistently attributing aboriginal plight to social and economic deprivation for both the Hans and aborigines leads to a very strong support for the welfare policy. The paper discusses how these major findings shed light on theories of ethnic contact and ethnic group perception. It also proposes several important implications for the minority welfare policy.
Keywords: Taiwan's aborigines, Austronesian peoples, minority welfare policy, ethnic relations
Keywords: Taiwan's aborigines, Austronesian peoples, minority welfare policy, ethnic relations
