引用
解嚴後民眾社團參與的變遷:時期與世代的效應與意涵
Changes in Participation in Post-Martial Law Voluntary Associations: Effects and Implications of Period and Cohort
作者:熊瑞梅(Ray-May Hsung)、張峰彬(Feng-Bin Chang)、林亞鋒(Ya-Feng Lin) | 首次發表於 2021-10-24 | 第 44 期 June 2010
DOI:10.6786/TJS.201006.0055
研究論文(Research Articles)
DOI:10.6786/TJS.201006.0055
研究論文(Research Articles)
論文資訊 | Article information
摘要 Abstract
民眾社團參與變遷趨勢是政治學家和社會學家關懷的議題,民主政治的效率和市民社會的發展都仰賴民眾積極的社團參與。本研究合併1990、1992、1995、1997、2000、2002、2005、和2007等八年的台灣社會變遷調查民眾參與社團的資料,引進Yang and Land (2006)的年齡─時期─世代分析法,企圖釐清台灣社團變遷趨勢的時期與世代的效應。本研究發現台灣在解嚴後,只經歷很短暫的民眾社團參與成長,民眾社團參與便逐漸地持續下降。細言之,1995到2000年間呈現些微下降,到2000年後劇降,2007年有微升的狀況。根據層級線性分析的交叉分類隨機效應模型分析,台灣1990-2007年社團參與變遷趨勢,時期和世代具有顯著的影響效應。經過控制個人特質的固定效應(性別、年齡、族群、大學畢業學歷)後,時期的效應都顯著的大於世代。1990-1995年民眾社團參與率相對保持在較高的水準,但2000年以後社團參與下降的趨勢便很顯著。出生於1956-1965年的世代是社團參與最多的世代,其前後兩個世代也是積極參與社團的世代。1980年以後的世代出現顯著地不積極參與社團的現象。大學畢業者在情感性社團參與數目在時期上的隨機效應是不明顯的,但大學畢業者對工具性社團參與數目,在時期上的隨機效應卻很顯著。本研究企圖從台灣民主轉型和高等教育擴張來詮釋民眾社團參與下降的世代和時期效應的意涵。
關鍵詞:社團參與、情感性社團、工具性社團、年齡-時期-世代分析法、民主轉型、高教擴張
關鍵詞:社團參與、情感性社團、工具性社團、年齡-時期-世代分析法、民主轉型、高教擴張
The effectiveness of democracy and the development of civil society depend on active participation in social organizations. We merged eight years of data on voluntary association participation from the 1990, 1992, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2007 Taiwan Social Change Surveys, using Yang and Land’s (2006) age-period-cohort approach to analyze the effects of those factors on changes in participation. We identified a short period of growth in voluntary associations following the cessation of martial law in Taiwan, followed by a small decline between 1995 and 2000, a dramatic decline after 2000, and a small amount of growth in 2007. According to results from a cross-classified random effects model, the influences of period and cohort on these changes are significant. After controlling for gender, age, ethnicity, and attainment of a college degree, the effect of period was greater than that of cohort. We found that the 1956-1965 cohort was the most active in terms of participation in voluntary associations, and that post-1980 cohorts were generally inactive. The effects of college education were not significant in terms of the number of expressive voluntary associations among different periods, but were significant in terms of instrumental voluntary associations. We discuss implications for democratic transition and educational expansion in Taiwan.
Keywords: voluntary association participation, instrumental associations, expressive associations, age-period-cohort analysis, democratic transition, educational expansion
Keywords: voluntary association participation, instrumental associations, expressive associations, age-period-cohort analysis, democratic transition, educational expansion